May you please explain number 10 on translating between words and math?

Sure. (Admittedly, I went a little overboard with the wordiness of this one.)

Let’s just start with what we know. Gus’s expenses were $690. He wants to make a profit of at least 60% of that, or \$690*0.60=\$414.

The question reminds you that \text{profit}=\text{revenue}-\text{expenses}, so now we can plug the expenses and profit numbers we know into the equation to see what his revenue needs to be:

\text{profit}=\text{revenue}-\text{expenses}\\\$414=\text{revenue}-\$690\\\$1104=\text{revenue}

If he’s going to sell 50 shirts at a whole dollar price and collect $1104 in revenue, what does his price need to be?

\dfrac{\$1104}{50\text{ shirts}}=\$22.08\text{ per shirt}

Because he needs to sell at whole dollar prices and collect more than $1104, his price should be $23 per shirt.

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