Can you please explain number 3 on translating between words and math?

Yes. Here’s the question for everyone else following along. 

Let’s just list out the calls each day.

  • Monday: x
  • Tuesday: 13 more calls than Monday, so x+13
  • Wednesday: 9 fewer calls than Tuesday, so (x+13)-9=x+4
  • Thursday: 5 fewer calls than Wednesday, so (x+4)-5=x-1
  • Friday: 118

Now add all those up and simplify:

x+(x+13)+(x+4)+(x-1)+118\\=4x+13+4-1+118\\=4x+134

A shortcut (barely) is that only two choices have 4x in them, so if you realize fairly quickly that there should be a 4x in the answer, you can probably land on choice B simply by realizing that the constant term in the expression should be bigger than 118.

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